Environmental Protection Requirements Research Articles

A Multi-Objective Scheduling Strategy for a Hybrid Energy System for Antarctic Coastal Research Stations

A large number of research stations have been established to provide members of Antarctic expeditions with logistical support. A previous study confirmed that the wind and solar energy resources of the Chinese Zhongshan Station, a coastal station located in an area of Lassmann Hills in East Antarctica, are highly synergetic and complementary. Considering the demand for a renewable energy power supply in Zhongshan Station, this paper introduces a hybrid energy system with wind–solar–diesel–battery co-generation used as a power supply scheme. Based on the 2015 climate data for Zhongshan Station, the wind–solar resources, conventional energy system, and annual diesel consumption of the station area were analyzed. The annual electrical load demand of each building in the station area was quantitatively expounded. Compared with the original power supply system, and combined with the analysis results of the thermal load and electrical load demands of the station, an objective function based on the requirements of economy, reliability, and environmental protection was presented. According to the constraint conditions of the heat energy and electrical energy load balance in the station area, a multi-objective scheduling strategy for the system was designed. Finally, the effects of this scheduling strategy were analyzed under three different application scenarios. The results indicated that the annual load demand was significantly lower than before the scheduling, and that a 50% reduction in diesel consumption could be achieved, demonstrating that the multi-objective scheduling strategy proposed in this paper could achieve optimal energy scheduling and management of the renewable hybrid energy system.

Heat exchange characteristics between u-shaped butted well and reservoir

The geothermal resources in Shandong are relatively abundant. However, due to geological conditions, the high pressure of formation water reinjection makes it difficult and costly to achieve a 1:1 ratio of formation water extraction/reinjection during geothermal resource extraction. This causes waste of formation water resources and does not meet environmental protection requirements. The U-shaped butted well heat exchanger at the bottom of the well can achieve “heat extraction without water extraction”, effectively solving the problems of difficult formation water reinjection, pipeline reservoir corrosion, and reservoir damage in Shandong. Therefore, to explore the heat exchange characteristics between the U-shaped butted well heat exchanger at the bottom of the well and the reservoir, it is necessary to study various parameters of the heat exchanger operation. To better reflect the heat transfer status between the butted well and the soil, FLUENT software was used for simulation. Through simulation, the operation diagram of the generator after the comprehensive renovation was analyzed, guiding the operation of the U-shaped butted well heat exchanger.

Highly effective MFe2O4 (M=Zn, Mg, Cu and Mn) spinel catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

A series of spinel catalysts, including ZnFe2O4, MgFe2O4, CuFe2O4, and MnFe2O4, were prepared and applied to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Zn, Mg, Cu and Mn easily form spinels with Fe. Among them, Zn and Mg can significantly maintain the spinel structure during the pretreatment and reaction, resulting in a low CO conversion. Cu and Mn are beneficial to the formation of iron carbide during the reaction, resulting in an apparent influence on FTS performance. ZnFe2O4 has little effect on the hydrocarbon distribution and the olefin/paraffin (O/P) ratio of C2–C4. MgFe2O4 exhibits low selectivity for C5+ hydrocarbons, and the selectivity of C= 2−C= 4 and the O/P ratio of C2–C4 in the product are increased due to the alkaline effect of Mg. Cu can promote the carbonization of the catalyst, so that CuFe2O4 has higher activity. Meanwhile, CuFe2O4 can significantly improve the selectivity of C5+ hydrocarbons. Moreover, Cu can promote the dissociation and activation of H2, which is beneficial to the secondary hydrogenation of olefins, thereby reducing the selectivity of C= 2−C= 4 and the O/P ratio of C2–C4. Mn promotes carbonization during the reaction, but MnFe2O4 has little effect on the chain growth of hydrocarbon. However, Mn can promote the generation of a certain amount of ɛ-Fe2C, which may explain the higher selectivity of C= 2−C= 4 and the O/P ratio of C2–C4 for MnFe2O4. All spinel catalysts exhibit low CO2 selectivity, which meets the current green environmental protection requirements.

Прецизно животновъдство: същност и приложение при едри и дребни преживни. Обзор

In the new program period 2021-2027, the strategic goal for the development of European agriculture is defined as „stimulating and sharing knowledge, innovation, digitization and promoting their use to a greater extent“. The increasing number of animals on farms, the requirements for humane treatment and environmental protection, as well as the implementation of production systems with limited use of resources require new solutions that can be found in digital technologies used throughout the livestock system. Precision livestock farming involves the use of digital technologies. It aims to improve production and reproduction, animal welfare and facilitate targeted use of resources to reduce the impact on the environment and human health by precisely controlling processes.The implementation of PLF depends on: socio-demographic factors, size of the farm, production system, specialization of the farm, type of animals, animal husbandry technology, age of the farmer, country and region, etc.

Exploring Issues and Strategies of Rural Land Use and Environmental Protection

  Land resources play a crucial role in the overall development of society, but the irrational exploitation and use of these resources have significant adverse effects on the natural ecological environment, which is detrimental to the effective construction of a harmonious society. There is an inseparable relationship between rural land use and ecological security, and in current rural land use practices, environmental protection issues are increasingly emphasized. In some rural areas, in pursuit of short-term economic benefits, the importance of environmental protection is often overlooked, leading to excessive development and use of land resources, posing a great threat to the sustainable development of rural society. The reduction of vegetation signifies a deterioration of the ecological environment, and soil erosion leads to a decrease in land resources and a decline in land productivity, while soil degradation directly affects the growth of crops and the income of farmers. Therefore, it is essential to integrate environmental protection concepts throughout the entire process of rural land use. In the development and utilization of land resources, environmental protection requirements must be fully considered, adopting scientific and reasonable planning and measures to ensure the full utilization of land resources and achieve sustainable development of rural society.

The Anthropocenic Cupola

Abstract One of the future challenges of law is to create possibilities for dealing with conflicts in ways that meet the fundamental requirements of environmental and climate protection. Climate responsibility, as a collective ecological responsibility, is not only expected socially from state policymakers and business enterprises, but also increasingly claimed legally. With the perspective of an ecological private law that thinks of interests worthy of protection and of legal subjectivity from the point of view of vulnerability, new legal channels open up for those affected to take action against impending climate hazards or damage and to demand compensation. Fatefully connected by jointly-suffered climate catastrophes, life communities assemble as associations of human and non-human beings that all incur injury. Legal protection for these injured beings can thus no longer be directed exclusively to human needs but must be based on the ubiquitous vulnerability of all forms of life – a vulnerability that is particularly evident in the face of climate change. The ecological private law of the future will have to ensure that those living entities affected can sue on the basis of their own right. In this way, an effective ecological climate law protection would be created, whose essential task is to help enforce climate policy decisions made in the interest of society.

Human Resource Green Practices Towards Sustainability: The Case of Foxconn Company in China

This paper mainly studies whether Foxconn's green human resource management can bring benefits to Foxconn and puts forward suggestions on the problems existing in the implementation of green human resource management in Foxconn. The data for this chapter comes from Foxconn employees in Yantai, Shandong Province. Foxconn's HR green practices include green recruitment, green training, green performance, green compensation and green participation. After analysis, it is concluded that the education level of Foxconn employees is generally low, which is not conducive to the implementation of green human resources practices. Foxconn did not give full play to the leading role of supervisors in green participation practices. This study believes that enterprises should play the role of supervisors when implementing human resource green practices, and supervisors should give support and guidance when employees participate in environmental protection activities. Foxconn should focus on improving the education level of its employees. The research results of this paper are helpful for enterprises to achieve the goal of green development, help enterprises to further understand the green practice strategy of human resources, make the development of enterprises meet the requirements of green environmental protection, and improve the competitive advantage of enterprises.

Іntensification of ion exchange processes in water supply systems

In today's environment, special attention is paid to various methods of intensifying natural and wastewater treatment processes, improving existing treatment technologies, and introducing new methods and techniques to improve the quality of wastewater treatment and reduce the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem. It is important to take into account not only the effectiveness of cleaning, but also its environmental friendliness and compliance with modern standards and requirements for environmental protection. This approach helps to ensure the sustainability of ecosystems and preservation of water resources for future generations. The article highlights the issues related to the use of physical methods of water treatment in water supply systems. To intensify the processes of ion exchange in water supply systems, a method of adjusting the mineral composition of natural and waste water using modified ion exchangers is proposed, which involves the simultaneous action of a magnetic field on the ion exchanger and the water to be treated. The use of magnetic modification of ion exchangers allows to increase the productivity of water treatment facilities by an average of 25-30%, with the receipt of filtrate of the required quality, to increase the duration of the filter cycle, to reduce the consumption of regenerative solutions, which indicates an increase in the efficiency of water treatment as a result of the use of magnetic modification. An increase in the dynamic volume capacity of ion exchangers by 15-20% was found, which indicates an improvement in ion exchange capacity due to the intensification of ion exchange processes in water supply systems. The intensification of ion exchange processes during the adjustment of the mineral composition of natural and wastewater using a magnetic field is determined by the following main factors: the effect of the magnetic field on the structure and properties of water filtered through the ionite and the effect of the magnet field on the activity and mobility of the exchanged ions, their diffusion and hydration, ion-exchange equilibrium, and other factors.

Experimental study on performance, hydration, and sustainability of coal gasification coarse slag based geopolymers for sustainable environment

The large-scale application of coal gasification technology generates a large amount of coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) difficult to treat. In this study, low-carbon geopolymers (CGRC) were produced using CGCS and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as precursors, whereas red mud (RM) and carbide slag (CS) served as solid waste activators. The effects of the binder/activator, RM/CS and CGCS/GGBS ratios and the curing age on the compressive strength, setting time, heavy metal leaching, XRD, SEM-EDS, TG-DTG, FTIR, and LF NMR of CGCS-based geopolymers were investigated, and the hydration mechanism of CGRC geopolymer was disclosed. The results showed that the binder/activator ratio had a negligible effect on the ultimate compressive strength (UCS), the RM/CS ratio had a noticeable impact on the compressive strength and setting time, and increasing the GGBS content significantly improved the performance of CGCS-based geopolymers. Therefore, the synergistic effect of RM and CS led to the activation of CGCS and GGBS. The main hydration products were N-A-S-H, N/C-A-S-H, C-A-S-H gel, CH, and CaCO3. Furthermore, the decrease of the RM/CS ratio which promoted the gel transformation from metastable N-A-S-H to N/C-A-S-H configuration and then to stable C-A-S-H state, finally forming a denser gel matrix. The amounts of various heavy metals leached from CGCS-based geopolymers were even lower than those required by the national standards; therefore the material met the requirements for environmental protection. Furthermore, all raw materials belong to solid waste, which reduces carbon emissions.

Effect of cavitation treatment of coal-water slurries on a droplet average size in a jet

Relevance. Transition to environmentally friendly energy technologies, due to modern requirements for environmental protection, involves the search and creation of new energy sources, including fuels. One of the ways to meet these requirements and maintain the same level of energy production by thermal power plants is the transition to multicomponent fuels. The most promising and affordable boiler fuels from the point of view of energy, ecology and economy are coal-water slurries. In this regard, the study of the properties and characteristics of such fuels is relevant in many countries. Aim. Experimental studies of the effect of the coal-water fuel cavitation treatment duration on a droplet average size in a jet after spraying with a pneumatic nozzle and substantiation of the efficiency of such approach for practical application. Object. Experimental studies were carried out with coal-water slurries based on long-flame coal (D grade) with addition of 10 and 20 wt % by weight of pyrogenetic liquid. A slurry, consisting of just coal and water, without the addition of pyrogenetic liquid, was used as a reference sample. Method. The coal-water slurries were prepared in a rotary hydrodynamic cavitation generator. A pneumatic nozzle with external mixing was used to spray the coal-water slurries. The average size of fuel droplets after spraying was determined using the Interferometric Particle Imaging method. Results. Experiments on the preparation of coal-water slurries with pyrogenetic liquid showed an increase in the dynamic viscosity of the fuel. An increase in the duration of treatment of the slurries in a rotary hydrodynamic cavitation generator reduced the viscosity by 54%. The average size of droplets in the jet was reduced by 22%.

Study on Preparation Technology and Heat Conduction Mechanism of High-Purity & Ultra-Fine Alumina Powder from Scrap Aluminum Cans

In view of the increasing scarcity of bauxite resources in China, the high energy consumption and high pollution of electrolytic aluminum, and the requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection, aluminum recycling and high-value utilization of its derivatives have evolved into a crucial development requirement for the aluminum industry in the future. As an important part of the development of recycled aluminum resources, the high-value application of scrap aluminum cans has always been a hot research topic in various recycled aluminum processing enterprises and scientific research units. The traditional regeneration system of waste cans includes a series of complex technological processes such as pretreatment, paint removal, smelting system and casting system, which is difficult to control in the middle of the process. Most of the recycled scrap aluminum cans are cast and downgraded for later use, except for a part of them used as alloy materials for new cans. In this paper, combined with the research on the preparation of metal aluminum alkoxide, combined with recrystallization heat conduction to further study the effective dissolution or adsorption how to remove impurity elements to obtain high-purity aluminum alcohol salt mechanism research, and thermal effect of alcohols with different carbon chains on the synthesis of high-purity aluminum alkoxide was further investigated. Moreover, the changes in morphology and pore size distribution of hydrolyzed alumina precursor materials under different hydrothermal temperature conditions were discussed by means of the alkoxide hydrolysis-sol-gel process. Eventually, the aluminum alkoxide was obtained by the reaction of waste cans with isopropanol and heavy crystal thermal conductivity, and the high-purity aluminum alkoxide was purified by vacuum distillation. Under the hydrothermal condition of 160°C, the high-purity alumina material with a purity of 99.99% and an original crystal size of 200nm was prepared.

Synthesis of a Novel P/N-Triazine-Containing Ring Flame Retardant and Its Application in Epoxy Resin.

To meet the environmental protection and flame retardancy requirements for epoxy resins (EPs) in certain fields, in this study, a novel triazine-ring-containing DOPO-derived compound (VDPD), derived from vanillin, 2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), was synthesized using a one-pot method. Flame-retardant epoxy resin (FREP) was prepared by adding various ratios of VDPD to EP and curing with 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The curing behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flame-retardant properties of the FREP were examined in various tests. According to the results, when the amount of VDPD added to the EP increased, the glass transition temperature of the FREP decreased linearly, and the flame-retardant properties gradually improved. With a 0.4 wt.% P content, the vertical burning rating of EP/DDM/VDPD-0.4 (according to the theoretical content of VDPD) reached the V-0 level, and the LOI value reached 33.1%. In addition, the results of a CCT showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of EP/DDM/VDPD-0.4 decreased by 32% in comparison with that of the EP. Furthermore, compared with those of the EP, the tensile strength of EP/DDM/VDPD-0.4 decreased from 80.2 MPa to 74.3 MPa, only decreasing by 6 MPa, and the tensile modulus increased. Overall, VDPD can maintain the mechanical properties of EP and effectively improve its flame-retardant properties.

EXECUTIVE TEAM FAULT LINES AND GREEN INNOVATION PERFORMANCE OF ENTERPRISES - A PERSPECTIVE OF RISK UNDERTAKING

Environmental pollution and ecological degradation are increasingly becoming urgent global issues, drawing widespread attention. Against this backdrop, how businesses can balance economic benefits with environmental protection to ensure sustainable development has become a pressing issue to address. Green innovation, representing a synergistic blend of "innovation-driven" and "green development," can simultaneously meet the requirements for economic growth and ecological environmental protection. In the process of driving green innovation, the executive team plays a crucial role. As the heart of corporate decision-making and execution, the internal differentiation within the executive team, including physiological fault lines based on gender and age as well as task-related fault lines based on education, function, and tenure, affects the team's collaboration and decision-making efficiency, thereby influencing the implementation and outcomes of green innovation. Green innovation projects often entail high risk, difficulty, and long return cycles. 
 When making green innovation decisions, a company's insufficient risk-taking capacity may limit its investment and attempts at green innovation. This study, grounded in upper echelon theory and other theoretical frameworks, selects Chinese manufacturing companies listed from 2015 to 2022 as research subjects. From the perspective of corporate risk-taking, it delves into how physiological and task-related fault lines within the executive team affect green innovation performance by influencing the company's capacity for risk-taking. The research findings indicate that rational configuration and effective risk management by the executive team are crucial for promoting green innovation within a company, offering theoretical and practical guidance for achieving sustainable development.

Fabrication and characterization of chitosan/anthocyanin intelligent packaging film fortified by cellulose nanocrystal for shrimp preservation and visual freshness monitoring

In this study, a multi-functional packaging film was fabricated, utilizing the natural polysaccharide chitosan (CS) as the base material, integrating natural blueberry anthocyanin (AN) as pH-responsive indicator, and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The implications of addition levels of CNCs on the characteristics of the films were systematically investigated, resulting in that CS-AN-CNCs 9 % film exhibited optimal performance. Specifically, the film showed a substantial enhancement in maximum tensile strength from 15 MPa to 35 MPa; On the other hand, the swelling degree properties, the oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability decreased from 159.2 % to 92.0 %, from 51.7 g/(m2d) to 12.2 g/(m2d), from 31.6 × 10−12 g/(m·s·Pa) to 1.6 × 10−12 g/(m·s·Pa), respectively. Moreover, the CS-AN-CNCs 9 % film exhibited antioxidant, antibacterial, coupled with a color metrically responsive to pH variations, displaying great potential in indicating the shrimp freshness and delaying spoilage. Another notable advantage of the-prepared packaging material lies in its completely biodegradability, therefore meeting the requirement of environmental protection. Therefore, the prepared CS-AN-CNCs film as an intelligent packaging solution with potential applications in food preservation and freshness monitoring applications.

Urban and Rural Attitudes toward School Food

AbstractIn the social sciences, it is a classic practice to contrast the development of the countryside and the city as two endpoints of a chain. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, the validity of the rural-urban dichotomy has been increasingly questioned, and we are now talking about two interconnected and complementary systems instead. In examining contemporary school meals, we ourselves observed this close and varied pattern of intertwining between the city and the countryside. Therefore, we believe it is useful to identify rural and urban features in contemporary public catering practices, and to outline mixed models that can be placed between the two endpoints in space and time. All of this can be edifying because urbanized foodways, following current food health and gastronomic trends, sustainability, climate and environmental protection requirements, as well as social considerations, return from time to time to the old village farming practices and foodways in various ways, and utilize knowledge related to traditional farming. Illustrated with specific examples, the study outlines three types of school catering models, from the oldest practice called “rural” to the “urban” (urbanized) type. A comparison of these types of public catering practices reveals the problems observed in today’s public catering.

Analysis of 10-m Sentinel-2 imagery and a re-normalization approach reveals a declining trend in the latest rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna

Natural rubber is one of the four main raw materials of industry and a globally important strategic material. Rubber plantations with agroforestry attributes have undergone rapid growth in the northern part of mainland Southeast Asia (including Xishuangbanna) since the 1990s, leading to a series of eco-environmental effects on biological diversity, climate change, carbon stocks, and hydrological processes. Accurate, detailed, and updated spatial information on rubber plantations, therefore, is fundamental for developing efficient management strategies. Currently, the booming rubber plantations are being experienced new changes in Xishuangbanna. The commonly used coarser spatial resolution satellite data (e.g., 250-m MODIS and/or 30-m Landsat) have limited applications because most plantations are often small and scattered, especially in the mountainous areas. Here, we developed a straightforward and effective re-normalization of red green normalized difference vegetation index (ReNDI) approach based on finer resolution (10-m) Sentinel-2 imagery, and then mapped the first annual 10-m rubber plantations in the entire Xishuangbanna during 2018–2021. Interestingly, rubber plots no longer expanded as rapidly as in past decades and even decreased slightly. The latest area of rubber plantations was 2514.7 km2, a decrease of 31.9 km2 comparing since 2018, with an average overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of four-year reached up to 95.37 % and 0.90, respectively. Among them, Jinghong city and Menghai county increased by 52.4 km2 and 14.8 km2 respectively, and Mengla county decreased by 99.1 km2. The main area of rubber expansion was around the Jinghong city, where rubber was initially planted. More importantly, owing to pursuing increased economic benefits and requirements of environmental protection, a considerable portion of the rubber encroachment has disappeared, particularly near roads and rivers. Our phenology-based ReNDI algorithm not only enriches the remotely-sensed methods for other industrial plantations mapping, but also provides a new chance to understanding the current patterns of rubber plantations (i.e., increase and decrease), which will contributed to rational planting planning and agroforestry management in the future, especially in the tropics.

Effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of Al–7.5Cu–1Si alloy

With increasing requirements for environmental protection and energy conservation, Al–Cu powder alloys play an important role in machine weight reduction. During the preparation of the Al–Cu powder alloy, an appropriate sintering temperature helps improve the comprehensive performance of the alloys. In this study, powder metallurgy was used to prepare Al–7.5Cu–1Si alloys, and the effects of different sintering temperatures on their relative sintering density, hardness, and tensile strength were studied. The microstructure and phase composition of the alloy were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, and the mechanical properties of the alloy were studied using a Brinell hardness tester and a universal material testing machine. By analyzing the microstructural changes of the alloys at different sintering temperatures, the optimal sintering temperature of the alloy was determined to obtain the best properties. The results demonstrated that the sintering temperature significantly affected the diffusion and migration of the metal particles inside the alloy. When the temperature was low, numerous pores were present in the alloy, and the degree of bonding between the metal particles was poor. As the temperature increased, the number of pores in the alloy decreased, and good metallurgical bonding occurred between the particles. The relative densities and mechanical properties of the alloys were significantly affected by the sintering temperature. When the temperature was below 570 °C, the relative density and mechanical properties were low. At 590 °C, the alloy underwent deformation and was in an over-sintered state. The best sintering temperature was 570 °C. This is because at this temperature, the relative sintering density, hardness, and tensile strength of the alloy all reached maximum values, which were 98.6%, 71 HB, and 153 MPa, respectively.

Magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 study on adsorption of methyl orange on nanoparticles

Magnetic core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method. Based on the characterization and experimental results, the adsorbent was found to have an average particle size of approximately 120 nm, a pore size range of 2–5 nm and superparamagnetic properties. It exhibited electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions during adsorption of methyl orange (MO). The adsorption of MO on the magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles exhibited pseudo-second-order kinetics, the adsorption process is a spontaneous endothermic adsorption process, which conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. he maximum amount of MO was adsorbed at pH = 2, T = 45 °C and t = 30 min, and the highest adsorption capacity was 182.503 mg/g; The unit adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles still reached 83% of the original capacity after 5 cycles, so the material was reusable and met the requirements of environmental protection. This study reveals the great potential of magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles for removal of dyes from wastewater.

Increased black carbon (soot) accumulation during the Anthropocene in a less-developed region of Xinjiang, northwestern China

Records of environmental changes at regional or continental scales in less-developed regions may aid clarification of the onset of the Anthropocene. A sediment core was collected from Bosten Lake in Xinjiang Province, northwestern China, to investigate historical variations of combustion indicators of black carbon (BC), char and soot and to reflect human influences over the past 150 years. Results show that a rapid increase in soot fluxes (over 1.5 times on average) happened after 1950, consistent with the Great Acceleration period as well as establishment of the People's Republic of China, following a rapidly developing economy. Soot flux peaked around the 1960, coincident with wasteland reclamation in Xinjiang Province, decreasing after the year 2000 owing to environmental protection requirements such as desulfurization. Average char/soot ratios before and after 1950 were 0.56 and 0.37, respectively, such low ratios suggest a predominant contribution of soot from long-range transport, while the industrialization in China since the 1950 s may have caused further reduction in the ratios. Sedimentary soot deposition flux in less-developed areas thus recorded key anthropogenic activities occurring in China and supports the onset of the Anthropocene in the mid-20th century, as proposed by the Anthropocene Working Group.

The Search for a Balance between the Principles of Freedom of Economic Activity and Environmental Protection in German Constitutional Law

This paper examines how the Federal Republic of Germany, being one of the most powerful economies and a state with the highest sustainability ratings in the European Union, finds a balance between environmental protection requirements and economic freedom. The article focuses on the provisions of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany and the constitutional jurisprudence of the German Constitutional Court.